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Pathway - Production of Rbc, Wbc and Platelets from the stem cells. |
Erythropoiesis
- Erythropoiesis is the process by which human erythrocytes are produced. It is triggered by erythropoietin, a kidney hormone produced during hypoxia.
- Erythropoiesis takes place in the bone marrow, where hemopoietic stem cells differentiate and form proerythtoblasts and eventually shed their nuclei to become reticulocytes. Iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid are required for hemoglobin synthesis and normal RBC maturation.
- Reticulocytes mature into normal, functional RBCs after 24 hours in the bloodstream.
Leukopoiesis
- Process of making leukocytes, stimulated by various colony‐stimulating factors (CSFs), which are hormones produced by mature white blood cells.
- The development of each kind of white blood cell begins with the division of the hemopoietic stem cells into “blast” cells :
- Myeoblast divide to form :
- Neutronophilic → Neutrophil
- Eusinophilic → Eusinophil
- Basophilic → Basophils
- Monoblasts lead to the development of monocyte
- Lymphoblast lead to the development of lymphocyte
Thrombopoiesis
- Thrombopoiesis, the process of making platelets, begins with the formation of megakaryoblasts.
- The megakaryoblasts divide without cytokinesis to become megakaryocytes, huge cells with a large, multilobed nucleus.
- The megakaryocytes then fragment into segments as the plasma membrane infolds into the cytoplasm.
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